Anemias of hemorrhagic origin can result from external or internal hemorrhages (acute, subacute, or chronic).
Symptoms: pallor of the non-pigmented skin of the muzzle and teats, and of the nasal, oral, ocular, and vaginal mucous membranes. A more or less marked increase in respiratory and heart rate, depending on the severity of the case.
Causes:
– In the case of external hemorrhages, the causes are more easily identifiable: traumatic origin at the skin level, tail breakage, horn breakage, vaginal laceration due to dystocic births, epistaxis from various causes...
– In the case of internal hemorrhages, identifying the affected site presents greater difficulties: uterine artery laceration, lesions of the internal organs, the mammary parenchyma, abomasal ulcer, intestinal infections or parasites (salmonellosis, clostridiosis, coronavirus, BVD-MD, coccidiosis...)...
In the case of this Holstein cow, it is an acute form due to blood loss from an erosive ulcer in the udder that involved blood vessels (see next image).
